背诵10what is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the people's daily expenses in xi'an from 1995 to 1999. the expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. the statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.there are two factors accounting for these changes. development in economy is an essential one in the five years. the increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. another one is the changes in life style. when food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. as a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year.from the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people's living standards in xi'an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. with the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.
背诵10提纲：(这篇题没给)1. 描述图表，现状2. 原因3. 预测未来 图表作文的变体a. write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon accompanied by your comments.(1 信息〈具体的描述〉 2 对信息的看法)b. time limitc. word limit写法：第一段依然是粗线条的描述第二段进行深入细致的描述*图表语言*第三段发表个人的评论第1种 分析背后的原因第2种 对图表的发展趋势，发表个人的看法第3种 一般性的评论(原因、趋势) 1. 这种提醒考的是科研能力。 要会观察现象、看数据，会分析里面的规律性的东西2. 考论证的能力。 观点是来自数据、图表本身;规律性的东西——观点;数举行的东西——论证支持。3. 图表本身暗示者作者的立场。4. 一切的一切来源于图表。考科研能力;考语言能力。p15 范文一最新大纲样题(2008年)：情景+提纲+图表*图表语言*directions:widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy. there is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.write an essay to the newspaper1) criticizing their view and2) justify your stand.in your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.you should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2.把图看懂，图的导向是什么，以此明确你的立场。背诵11the majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. but the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.(当他的情景部分是两个观点，而图表本身又暗示了一个观点，在第一段要点击对方的观点，但是绝对不展开。也不要写的太长。)personally, i believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. firstly, smoking is responsible for(是造成什么原因) many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. according to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three mill ion people die from smoking-related diseases every year. the fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. as is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion us dollars is lost due to smoking each year. obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds(大大超过) the gain in the industry.(*全部来源于数据*仅是描述)表层结构写出来，思考就生成观点。数据就变成论证。(不能这么写)特殊要求：图表语言in conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. if we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. it is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.
背诵11 p36 范文二十五(比较少见) 参看：19 20 23 24 27(2008年的命题变了一下)directions:a. write an essay discussing the two opposite opinions given below, give both some reasons, and make your comments or suggestions.there are two main opinions concerning the development of private cars in china: one maintains that their free development should be encouraged, while the other argues that it must be sternly restricted.b. time limit: 40 minutesc. word limit: about 200 wordsd. your essay must be written clearly on answer sheet ⅱ. 背诵12should the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in china? to judge this issue, we should look at three aspects: what are the advantages of private cars; what are their disadvantages; and is china ready for the free development of private cars?first of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom. it enables an individual or a family to travel anywhere and at any time, without relying on public transport. it is convenient for shopping and transporting children to and from school. moreover, in the case of illness, it can carry its owner or other sick person t o hospital without delay. however, too many private cars can lead to traffic jams, thus slowing down life and work rather than speeding it up. in addition, automobiles are major polluter s of the atmosphere. and, last but not least, the more cars there are on the roads, the more traffic accidents occur. it seems to me that china, at its present stage of development, should restrict the number of private cars. for one thing, it would be a waste of resources to build a huge automobile industry at a time when only a few people can afford to buy cars. for another, the country must first bring pollution under control before adding to the problem with more cars.
背诵12 p37 范文二十六(比较怪的一道题)参看：28 29 30 31 32directions:a. title: how to improve or reform our current college entrance examination system.b. time limit: 40 minutesc. word limit: about 200 wordsd. your essay should be written clearly on answer sheet ⅱ.e. your essay should be based on the information given below.目前我国高考竞争愈演愈烈。每年考生人数近300万，而录取率在40%以下，多数考生肯定要 落选。这给考生、考生的家庭和学校，乃至整个社会，都造成了很大压力，引发了一些社会 问题。此外，不同类型或特点的考生用同一模式和难度的试卷，有欠公允;三天的考试成绩 便决定一个人的未来命运，亦不够合理。如何解决这些问题，改革现行的高考制度?我的 意见是…。(看成三点：1 现状 2原因 3建议措施)背诵13statistics show that no more than 40% of people who take the college entrance exams pass. because a college education is regarded as the key to a successful career, this puts enormous pressure on the applicants. it also causes social problems, as those who fail consider that they have disgraced their families.it seems to me that the exams are unfair, for three reasons: first, applicants with different abilities are faced with the same type of exam paper, second, the results of a mere three days of examination affect the applicant's whole future; and third, applicants who can afford private tutors usually score higher marks than those who are poorer, but perhaps more intelligent.to improve the system of college entrance exams, i suggest the following steps: the exam papers should be graded to take into account the different levels of ability and the different backgrounds of the applicants; in addition to the actual exam, a complete assessment of the applicant's educational achievements should be made; and tutoring in examination techniques should be made available to all. 背诵13 the man to remember背诵14 perhaps the most interesting person i have ever met is an italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the university of pisa. although i last met this man eight years ago, i have not forgotten his special qualities.first of all, i was impressed from the beginning by his devotion to teaching. because his lectures were always well=prepared and clearly delivered, students always swarmed into his classroom. his followers also appreciated the fact that he believed in what he taught and that he was always stimulating. (引人入胜的)furthermore he could be counted on in every class session to explain his ideas in an imaginative way, introducing such aids to student understanding as oil paintings, phonograph records, pieces of sculpture, and guest lecturers. once he even sang a song in class in order to illustrate a point. second, i admired the fact that he would confer with students outside of the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. drinking coffee in the snack bar, he would easily make friends with students. sometimes he would challenge a student to join with him a game of chess. at other times, he would quite readily join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to scuba diving. many young people visited him in his office for academic advice; others came to his home for social evenings.finally, i was impressed and attracted by his lively wit. he believed that no class hour is a success unless the students and the professor share several chuckles and at least one loud laugh. through his sense of humor, he made learning much more enjoyable and lasting. if it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is truly a wise man. probably the best example of his wit is this idea with which he once ended a lecture : ”it is as dangerous for man to model himself up on his invention, the machine, as it would be for god to model himself upon his invention. ”
背诵14 重视语言的表达(实质性的涨分)there is a growing concern over the students who do not put too much emphasis on study. some students always idle away their time(消磨时光), playing cards, drinking, gambling. these problems are really serious. taking into account all these factors, we can safely come to the conclusion that the students will waste more time if they do not make good use of it.as a student, busy as i am with my study, i also do many interesting things such as reading novels, writing articles at the two-day weekend. all work no play makes jack a dull boy(只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻). it is really true!这些词句就像沙漠中的金子，所谓的金子无非是语言的variety。所谓语言漂亮是指语言的变化。1词的变化：使：makea) this society still makes women unable to enjoy equal rights.b) women are still denied equal rights. a) the incident made me recall one of my past experiences.b) the incident reminded me of one of my past experiences.不仅……而且：not only…but alsoa) the factors for a rise in teenage smoking is no only social but also psychological.b) the factors for a rise in teenage smoking is psychological as well as social.a) taking a part-time job cannot only earn a little money, but also have an opportunity to contact with society.b) taking a part-time job means more than a little money you can earn. it also means an opportunity to contact with society.a) old people go to park not only to do exercise but also to make friends.b) old people go to park as much for companionship as for exercise.人们认为：people think越来越：more and morea) more and more students find learning english has become more and more difficult. b) students in growing numbers find learning has become increasingly difficult.a) more and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b) teenage smoking is on the rise in recent years.a) more and more teachers are demanded with the development of economy.b) there is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.大多数：mosta) most students take a part-time job after class.b) the vast majority of students take a part-time job after class.a) most people take part in sports of different kinds.b) the considerable proportion of people take part in sports of different kinds.a) most college students take a negative attitude towards smoking.b) the large percentage of college population take a negative attitude towards smoking.2 句型的变化a variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. first, teaching is learning. to make my lectures more interesting, i have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world—the very thing i like to do in my life. second, teaching means freedom. as a teacher, i can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me. finally, i like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. no more rushing to catching a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, and no more worries about being laid off because you are getting old.