AngularJS学习笔记之TodoMVC的分析

  最近一段时间一直在看AngularJS,趁着一点时间总结一下。

  官网地址:http://angularjs.org/

  先推荐几个教程

  1. AngularJS入门教程 比较基础,是官方Tutorial的翻译。

  2. 七步从AngularJS菜鸟到专家 也比较基础,制作了一个在线音乐播放网站。

  3. AngularJS开发指南 这个教程比较全面,但我感觉翻译的有些晦涩难懂。

  看过这些教程后,觉得AngularJS也懂一点了,就想用它干点事,就分析一下AngularJS写的todomvc吧。

  Todomvc官网地址:http://todomvc.com/

  项目的目录如下:

  bower_components里放了两个文件夹,其中angular文件夹是用来一如angular.js文件的,todomvc-common文件夹里的放入了所有todo项目统一的css\js(只是用来生成左侧内容的,与项目无关)和图片。

  js文件夹是大头,里面放了相应的controller(控制器)\directive(指令)\service(服务)和app.js。

  test文件夹里放的是测试用的代码,不分析。

  index.html是项目的view页面。

  先来看一下app.js

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  /*global angular */

  /*jshint unused:false */

  'use strict';

  /**

  * The main TodoMVC app module

  *

  * @type {angular.Module}

  */

  var todomvc = angular.module('todomvc', []);

  就是定义了一个模块todomvc

  再看一下services下的todoStorage.js

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  /*global todomvc */

  'use strict';

  /**

  * Services that persists and retrieves TODOs from localStorage

  */

  todomvc.factory('todoStorage', function () {

  // todos JSON字符串存储的唯一标识

  var STORAGE_ID = 'todos-angularjs';

  return {

  // 从localStorage中取出todos,并解析成JSON对象

  get: function () {

  return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_ID) || '[]');

  },

  // 将todos对象转化成JSON字符串,并存入localStorage

  put: function (todos) {

  localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_ID, JSON.stringify(todos));

  }

  };

  });

  使用factory方法创建了todoStorage的service方法,这个service方法的本质就是返回了两个方法get和put,两者都是用了JSON2和HTML5的特性。get将todos的内容从localStorage中取出,并解析成JSON,put将todos转化成JSON字符串,并存储到localStorage中。

  再看一下directives下面的两个指令文件。

  todoFocus.js

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  /*global todomvc */

  'use strict';

  /**

  * Directive that places focus on the element it is applied to when the expression it binds to evaluates to true

  */

  todomvc.directive('todoFocus', function todoFocus($timeout) {

  return function (scope, elem, attrs) {

  // 为todoFocus属性的值添加监听

  scope.$watch(attrs.todoFocus, function (newVal) {

  if (newVal) {

  $timeout(function () {

  elem[0].focus();

  }, 0, false);

  }

  });

  };

  });

  返回function的参数中,elem就是包含该指令的元素的数组,attrs是元素的所有属性、属性名等组成的对象。

  其中用到了两个AngularJS的方法

  $watch(watchExpression, listener, objectEquality) 注册一个侦听器回调,每当watchExpression变化时,监听回调将被执行。

  $timeout(fn[, delay][, invokeApply]) 当timeout的值达到时,执行fn函数。

  todoFocus.js创建了todoFocus指令。当一个元素拥有todoFocus属性时,该指令会为该元素的todoFocus属性的值添加监听,如果todoFocus属性的值改变成true,就会执行$timeout(function () {elem[0].focus();}, 0, false);其中的延迟时间为0秒,所以会立即执行elem[0].focus()。

  todoEscape.js

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  /*global todomvc */

  'use strict';

  /**

  * Directive that executes an expression when the element it is applied to gets

  * an `escape` keydown event.

  */

  todomvc.directive('todoEscape', function () {

  var ESCAPE_KEY = 27;

  return function (scope, elem, attrs) {

  elem.bind('keydown', function (event) {

  if (event.keyCode === ESCAPE_KEY) {

  scope.$apply(attrs.todoEscape);

  }

  });

  };

  });

  todoEscape.js创建了todoEscape指令。当按下Escape键时,执行attrs.todoEscape的表达式。

  看一下大头,controllers文件夹中的todoCtrl.js,这个文件略长,我就直接写注释了。

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  /*global todomvc, angular */

  'use strict';

  /**

  * The main controller for the app. The controller:

  * - retrieves and persists the model via the todoStorage service

  * - exposes the model to the template and provides event handlers

  */

  todomvc.controller('TodoCtrl', function TodoCtrl($scope, $location, todoStorage, filterFilter) {

  // 从localStorage中获取todos

  var todos = $scope.todos = todoStorage.get();

  // 记录新的todo

  $scope.newTodo = '';

  // 记录编辑过的todo

  $scope.editedTodo = null;

  // 当todos的值改变时执行其中的方法

  $scope.$watch('todos', function (newValue, oldValue) {

  // 获取未完成的todos的数目

  $scope.remainingCount = filterFilter(todos, { completed: false }).length;

  // 获取已完成的todos的数目

  $scope.completedCount = todos.length - $scope.remainingCount;

  // 当且仅当$scope.remainingCount为0时,$scope.allChecked为true

  $scope.allChecked = !$scope.remainingCount;

  // 当todos的新值和旧值不相等时,向localStorage中存入todos

  if (newValue !== oldValue) { // This prevents unneeded calls to the local storage

  todoStorage.put(todos);

  }

  }, true);

  if ($location.path() === '') {

  // 如果$location.path()为空,就设置为/

  $location.path('/');

  }

  $scope.location = $location;

  // 当location.path()的值改变时执行其中的方法

  $scope.$watch('location.path()', function (path) {

  // 获取状态的过滤器

  // 如果path为'/active',过滤器为{ completed: false }

  // 如果path为'/completed',过滤器为{ completed: true }

  // 否则,过滤器为null

  $scope.statusFilter = (path === '/active') ?

  { completed: false } : (path === '/completed') ?

  { completed: true } : null;

  });

  // 添加一个新的todo

  $scope.addTodo = function () {

  var newTodo = $scope.newTodo.trim();

  if (!newTodo.length) {

  return;

  }

  // 向todos里添加一个todo,completed属性默认为false

  todos.push({

  title: newTodo,

  completed: false

  });

  // 置空

  $scope.newTodo = '';

  };

  // 编辑一个todo

  $scope.editTodo = function (todo) {

  $scope.editedTodo = todo;

  // Clone the original todo to restore it on demand.

  // 保存编辑前的todo,为恢复编辑前做准备

  $scope.originalTodo = angular.extend({}, todo);

  };

  // 编辑todo完成

  $scope.doneEditing = function (todo) {

  // 置空

  $scope.editedTodo = null;

  todo.title = todo.title.trim();

  if (!todo.title) {

  // 如果todo的title为空,则移除该todo

  $scope.removeTodo(todo);

  }

  };

  // 恢复编辑前的todo

  $scope.revertEditing = function (todo) {

  todos[todos.indexOf(todo)] = $scope.originalTodo;

  $scope.doneEditing($scope.originalTodo);

  };

  // 移除todo

  $scope.removeTodo = function (todo) {

  todos.splice(todos.indexOf(todo), 1);

  };

  // 清除已完成的todos

  $scope.clearCompletedTodos = function () {

  $scope.todos = todos = todos.filter(function (val) {

  return !val.completed;

  });

  };

  // 标记所有的todo的状态(true或false)

  $scope.markAll = function (completed) {

  todos.forEach(function (todo) {

  todo.completed = completed;

  });

  };

  });

  最后看一下index.html,这个文件我们一段一段的分析。

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <!doctype html>

  <html lang="en" ng-app="todomvc" data-framework="angularjs">

  <head>

  <meta charset="utf-8">

  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

  <title>AngularJS • TodoMVC</title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="bower_components/todomvc-common/base.css">

  <style>[ng-cloak] { display: none; }</style>

  </head>

  <body>

  <section id="todoapp" ng-controller="TodoCtrl">

  <header id="header">

  <h1>todos</h1>

  <form id="todo-form" ng-submit="addTodo()">

  <input id="new-todo" placeholder="What needs to be done?" ng-model="newTodo" autofocus>

  </form>

  </header>

  <section id="main" ng-show="todos.length" ng-cloak>

  <input id="toggle-all" type="checkbox" ng-model="allChecked" ng-click="markAll(allChecked)">

  <label for="toggle-all">Mark all as complete</label>

  <ul id="todo-list">

  <li ng-repeat="todo in todos | filter:statusFilter track by $index" ng-class="{completed: todo.completed, editing: todo == editedTodo}">

  <div class="view">

  <input class="toggle" type="checkbox" ng-model="todo.completed">

  <label ng-dblclick="editTodo(todo)">{{todo.title}}</label>

  <button class="destroy" ng-click="removeTodo(todo)"></button>

  </div>

  <form ng-submit="doneEditing(todo)">

  <input class="edit" ng-trim="false" ng-model="todo.title" todo-escape="revertEditing(todo)" ng-blur="doneEditing(todo)" todo-focus="todo == editedTodo">

  </form>

  </li>

  </ul>

  </section>

  <footer id="footer" ng-show="todos.length" ng-cloak>

  <span id="todo-count"><strong>{{remainingCount}}</strong>

  <ng-pluralize count="remainingCount" when="{ one: 'item left', other: 'items left' }"></ng-pluralize>

  </span>

  <ul id="filters">

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/'} " href="#/">All</a>

  </li>

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/active'}" href="#/active">Active</a>

  </li>

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/completed'}" href="#/completed">Completed</a>

  </li>

  </ul>

  <button id="clear-completed" ng-click="clearCompletedTodos()" ng-show="completedCount">Clear completed ({{completedCount}})</button>

  </footer>

  </section>

  <footer id="info">

  <p>Double-click to edit a todo</p>

  <p>Credits:

  <a href="http://twitter.com/cburgdorf">Christoph Burgdorf</a>,

  <a href="http://ericbidelman.com">Eric Bidelman</a>,

  <a href="http://jacobmumm.com">Jacob Mumm</a> and

  <a href="http://igorminar.com">Igor Minar</a>

  </p>

  <p>Part of <a href="http://todomvc.com">TodoMVC</a></p>

  </footer>

  <script src="bower_components/todomvc-common/base.js"></script>

  <script src="bower_components/angular/angular.js"></script>

  <script src="js/app.js"></script>

  <script src="js/controllers/todoCtrl.js"></script>

  <script src="js/services/todoStorage.js"></script>

  <script src="js/directives/todoFocus.js"></script>

  <script src="js/directives/todoEscape.js"></script>

  </body>

  </html>

  首先是在最下面,引入相应的JS,这个就不多说了。

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <script src="bower_components/todomvc-common/base.js"></script>

  <script src="bower_components/angular/angular.js"></script>

  <script src="js/app.js"></script>

  <script src="js/controllers/todoCtrl.js"></script>

  <script src="js/services/todoStorage.js"></script>

  <script src="js/directives/todoFocus.js"></script>

  <script src="js/directives/todoEscape.js"></script>

  定义style[ng-cloak],含有ng-cloak属性则不可见。

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <style>[ng-cloak] { display: none; }</style>

  来看添加todo的html,绑定的model为newTodo,submit的方法是todoCtrl.js中的addTodo(),会添加一条todo,点击Enter,默认触发提交事件,就触发了addTodo()方法,添加了一条todo到todos中。

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <form id="todo-form" ng-submit="addTodo()">

  <input id="new-todo" placeholder="What needs to be done?" ng-model="newTodo" autofocus>

  </form>

  再看展示todos的html

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <section id="main" ng-show="todos.length" ng-cloak>

  <input id="toggle-all" type="checkbox" ng-model="allChecked" ng-click="markAll(allChecked)">

  <label for="toggle-all">Mark all as complete</label>

  <ul id="todo-list">

  <li ng-repeat="todo in todos | filter:statusFilter track by $index" ng-class="{completed: todo.completed, editing: todo == editedTodo}">

  <div class="view">

  <input class="toggle" type="checkbox" ng-model="todo.completed">

  <label ng-dblclick="editTodo(todo)">{{todo.title}}</label>

  <button class="destroy" ng-click="removeTodo(todo)"></button>

  </div>

  <form ng-submit="doneEditing(todo)">

  <input class="edit" ng-trim="false" ng-model="todo.title" todo-escape="revertEditing(todo)" ng-blur="doneEditing(todo)" todo-focus="todo == editedTodo">

  </form>

  </li>

  </ul>

  </section>

  section使用ngShow方法根据todos的长度判断是否显示,加上ng-cloak属性是为了在刚开始时不要显示出AngularJS未处理的页面。可以去掉刷新试一试。

  其中id为toggle-all的checkbox绑定到allChecked model上,点击触发markAll(allChecked),将allChecked的值传入,标记所有的todos。

  使用ngRepeat循环产生li标签,todo in todos | filter:statusFilter track by $index,循环todos,用statusFilter过滤,用$index追踪。ngClass绑定了两个class,{completed: todo.completed, editing: todo == editedTodo},如果todo.completed为true,添加completed class,如果todo==editedTodo,则添加editing class。class为toggle的checkbox绑定到todo.completed。todo标题展示的label绑定了双击事件,双击触发editTodo(todo),editTodo会将todo赋给editedTodo,然后会触发下面form中的todoFocus指令,这时候form中的input可见。按Esc就触发revertEditing(todo),恢复到编辑前,按Enter或者失去焦点就触发doneEditing(todo) ,保存编辑后的todo。class为destroy的button绑定了click事件,点击触发removeTodo(todo),删除掉该条todo。

  最后看todos的统计信息展示的html

  

复制代码 代码如下:

  <footer id="footer" ng-show="todos.length" ng-cloak>

  <span id="todo-count"><strong>{{remainingCount}}</strong>

  <ng-pluralize count="remainingCount" when="{ one: 'item left', other: 'items left' }"></ng-pluralize>

  </span>

  <ul id="filters">

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/'} " href="#/">All</a>

  </li>

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/active'}" href="#/active">Active</a>

  </li>

  <li>

  <a ng-class="{selected: location.path() == '/completed'}" href="#/completed">Completed</a>

  </li>

  </ul>

  <button id="clear-completed" ng-click="clearCompletedTodos()" ng-show="completedCount">Clear completed ({{completedCount}})</button>

  </footer>

  ng-pluralize标签实现了当remainingCount个数为1时,显示 item left,否则显示 items left。

  id为filters的ul标签中根据location.path()的内容不同,标记不同的a标签被选中。

  id为clear-completed的button添加了点击事件,触发clearCompletedTodos(),清除掉所有已完成的todo。

  今天的笔记就先到这里吧,都是些个人心得,希望小伙伴们能够喜欢。