$A方法:
Accepts an array-like collection (anything with numeric indices) and returns its equivalent as an actual Array object. This method is a convenience alias of Array.from, but is the preferred way of casting to an Array.
function $A(iterable) {
if (!iterable) return [];
if ('toArray' in Object(iterable)) return iterable.toArray();
var length = iterable.length || 0, results = new Array(length);
while (length--) results[length] = iterable[length];
return results;
}
如果传进来的参数为null, undefined and false 则直接返回空数组
如果传进来的参数对象里有toArray方法，这直接调用参数的toArray方法，因为有许多Prototype对象里面已经定义好了toArray方法，所以可以直接调用toArray方法
例如：
var array={
toArray : function(){
return [1,2,3];
}
}
//1,2,3
alert($A(array));
接下来根据参数的length建立新数组，然后逐个把参数中的元素复制到新数组中去，最后返回新数组对象
下面给出prototype帮助文档的一段说明和例子也许更能说明这个函数的作用：
/*The well-known DOM method document.getElementsByTagName() doesn't return an Array, but a NodeList object that implements the basic array "interface." Internet Explorer does not allow us to extend Enumerable onto NodeList.prototype, so instead we cast the returned NodeList to an Array:*/
var paras = $A(document.getElementsByTagName('p'));
paras.each(Element.hide);
$(paras.last()).show();
还有一点：
Array.from = $A;
数组对象的from静态方法和$A是一个方法